Working with text

Strings

A string is text in quotes; "red" and 'red' are the same string. Join strings with +:

color = "red"
print(color + " ball")    # red ball

+ only joins strings to strings: "x = " + 0.5 is an error. str(0.5) turns a number into the string "0.5".

Strings come with tools. len(color) is the number of characters, 3. Methods are tools attached to a value, called with a dot after it: color.upper() gives "RED", and color.title() gives "Red".

f-strings

Joining with + gets clumsy fast. An f-string has an f before the opening quote, and puts any value written in curly braces straight into the text:

x = 0.1234
print(f"The {color} ball is at x = {x} m")
# The red ball is at x = 0.1234 m

Add a format after a colon inside the braces to control how a number looks. :.2f means "2 digits after the decimal point":

print(f"x = {x:.2f} m")    # x = 0.12 m

You'll use this all the time to print positions and sensor readings without a wall of digits.

Your task

The starter has a ball's color and its position x in metres.

1. Set shout to color in capital letters, using a string method.
2. Set label to text like red ball at x = 0.12 m, with x rounded to 2 decimal places. Use an f-string.
3. Print label.